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He initially trained as a Catholic priest, but ill health prevented him from performing many of his duties. Vivaldi spent his life in the city of Venice, which at the time was a wealthy and independent Republic. Indeed, they rank among the best known pieces of music from the European concert tradition. His set of violin concertos known as The Four Seasons (Italian: Le quattro stagioni, 1725) are the most famous. The Italian violinist and composer Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) was particularly fond of program music, and he produced a great deal. In earlier periods, however, such compositions were generally perceived as entertaining novelties, not the future of concert art. \)Ĭomposers were writing program music long before Berlioz or Mussorgsky.
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